Individual and joint association of Life's Essential 8 metrics with pre-sarcopenia among U.S. adults

Background: In recent times, the American Heart Association has updated its approach to evaluating cardiovascular health (CVH) by replacing the previous "Life's Simple 7" with the more demanding "Life's Essential 8" (LE8). However, the impact of enhancing CVH on reducing the risk of pre-sarcopenia and the association of LE8 metrics with pre-sarcopenia remain unexplored.

Methods: LE8 score was calculated among 9857 participants. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to investigate the associations between LE8 and pre-sarcopenia. Additionally, the weighted quantile sum (WQS) model was employed to determine the combined and individual impact of LE8 metrics on pre-sarcopenia. To assess the indirect effects of peripheral immune responses on the relationships between cardiovascular health and pre-sarcopenia, mediation analyses were performed.

Results: In this study, 827 participants had pre-sarcopenia. After accounting for potential confounding factors, the group with excellent cardiovascular health demonstrated an 83% lower risk of pre-sarcopenia compared to the poor cardiovascular health group (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.11-0.27) and a 33% decreased risk of pre-sarcopenia for each 10-point increase in LE8 score (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.62-0.73). Body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) were the critical contributors that decreased the prevalence of pre-sarcopenia in the obese and non-obese populations, respectively.

Conclusions: A negative association was found between LE8 score and pre-sarcopenia prevalence. Body mass index and physical activity are the primary contributors to the obese and non-obese populations, respectively.