When results from clinical trials are different from observational studies

Affiliations

• ¹ Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ² Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
• ³ School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.
• ⁴ Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; International and Global Health Office, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; BORN Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.