Background/objectives: Job satisfaction is crucial for healthcare professionals, and understanding its influencing factors is essential for fostering a positive work environment, reducing turnover rates, and improving the overall quality of patient care. This systematic review examined the factors linked to nurse job satisfaction in psychiatric hospitals and diverse psychiatric settings, analyzing the findings through the lens of Herzberg's theory. Despite existing evidence, gaps remain in understanding the differences in factors affecting job satisfaction across various settings.
Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review by searching six databases, namely PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, and APA PsycNet. Our search yielded an initial 567 studies published between January 2014 and February 2024, which were subsequently screened and evaluated based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Following this process, a total of 16 studies were deemed eligible for final analysis. Each of these selected studies underwent an independent review by two authors, utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist tool to ensure rigorous assessment.
Results: The findings revealed that interpersonal relationships, working conditions, and recognition were the most frequently reported factors associated with nurse job satisfaction, along with various extrinsic, intrinsic, personal, emotional, and psychosocial factors. Notably, psychiatric hospitals showed a mix of personal, extrinsic, intrinsic, and psychosocial factors influencing job satisfaction, with demographic factors being the most frequently examined. In contrast, diverse psychiatric settings focused more on external aspects impacting job satisfaction.
Conclusions: The review highlights the importance of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and suggests that future research should employ more robust methods and consider psychiatric hospitals and other mental health contexts. Herzberg's theory provides a valuable framework for understanding the factors associated with nurse job satisfaction.
Keywords: Herzberg’s two-factor theory; job satisfaction; mental health nurses; nurse satisfaction; psychiatric care settings.