Dynamics of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR), and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in Patients with Deep Neck Infection

Background: Inflammatory biomarkers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have been utilized as prognostic factors in various diseases. This study aims to evaluate changes in the NLR, PLR, and LMR in patients diagnosed with a deep neck infections (DNI) to identify useful prognostic markers. Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study utilized data from the electronic medical records of patients admitted to the ENT department of a tertiary university hospital between January 2000 and August 2024. Patients diagnosed with a DNI during the study period were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative inflammatory markers were measured in all patients, and NLR, LMR, and PLR values were calculated and analyzed. Results: The post-treatment NLR was significantly lower than the pre-treatment NLR. Similarly, the post-treatment LMR was significantly higher and the post-treatment PLR was significantly lower compared to pre-treatment values. Patients admitted to the ICU had higher inflammatory markers than those in general wards. Additionally, patients with elevated inflammatory markers had longer hospital stays. Inflammatory markers were also higher in older patients and those who underwent surgical treatment. Conclusions: Significant changes in the NLR, LMR, and PLR in patients diagnosed with a DNI can serve as useful prognostic markers. These findings suggest that monitoring these markers may help to assess and improve the inflammatory status of patients, highlighting their potential role in guiding treatment.