Next-generation sequencing analysis with a population-specific human reference genome

Genes Genet Syst. 2024 Dec 21:99. doi: 10.1266/ggs.24-00112. Epub 2024 Oct 28.

Abstract

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become widely available and is routinely used in basic research and clinical practice. The reference genome sequence is an essential resource for NGS analysis, and several population-specific reference genomes have recently been constructed to provide a choice to deal with the vast genetic diversity of human samples. However, resources supporting population-specific references are insufficient, and it is burdensome to perform analysis using these reference genomes. Here, we constructed a set of resources to support NGS analysis using the Japanese reference genome, JG. We created resources for variant calling, variant effect prediction, gene and repeat element annotations, read mappability and RNA-seq analysis. We also provide a resource for reference coordinate conversion for further annotation enrichment. We then provide a variant calling protocol with JG. Our resources provide a guide to prepare sufficient resources for the use of population-specific reference genomes and can facilitate the migration of reference genomes.

Keywords: Japanese reference genome; genome resource; next-generation sequencing data analysis; population-specific reference genome; variant calling.

MeSH terms

  • Genetic Variation
  • Genome, Human*
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing* / methods
  • Humans
  • Molecular Sequence Annotation / methods
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA / methods