Re-emerging Chandipura vesiculovirus: A cause of concern for global health

Chandipura vesiculovirus (CHPV) is an emerging neurotropic virus primarily affecting children and causing acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in India. The virus, transmitted mainly by sand flies, has led to multiple outbreaks with high mortality rates, particularly in rural and resource-limited settings. CHPV infection is characterized by rapid disease progression, with symptoms ranging from fever and seizures to coma and death, often within 24 to 48 h of onset. The current management of CHPV is limited to supportive care due to the lack of specific antiviral therapies. Diagnosis relies on laboratory methods such as RT-PCR, serology, and immunofluorescence, though these face challenges due to the rapid progression of the disease and the need for timely sample collection and analysis. Prevention strategies are focused on vector control through insecticide use and public health interventions, including community education and early detection programs. Despite some progress in understanding CHPV, significant research gaps remain, particularly in developing effective antiviral treatments and vaccines, understanding transmission dynamics, and improving diagnostic capabilities. The potential for the virus to spread globally due to factors like climate change and increased human movement underscores the need for international collaboration in surveillance and response efforts. Strengthening public health infrastructure, enhancing vector control measures, and fostering global partnerships are crucial steps toward mitigating the impact of CHPV and preventing future outbreaks. Continued research and proactive public health strategies are essential to protect vulnerable populations and control the spread of this potentially deadly virus.