Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of tension-type headache (TTH) in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally in 1990-2021, and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of TTH.
Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study data, the age-standardized prevalence distribution of TTH and its changing trend were analyzed among the children and adolescents aged 0-19 years, with different sexes, age groups, sociodemographic index (SDI) regions and countries/territories.
Results: The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 globally in 2021 was 17 339.89/100 000, which was increased by 1.73% since 1990. The ASPR in females was slightly higher than that in males (1990: 17 707.65/100 000 vs 16 403.78/100 000; 2021: 17 946.29/100 000 vs 16 763.09/100 000). The ASPR in adolescence was significantly higher than that in school-aged and preschool periods (1990: 27 672.04/100 000 vs 10 134.16/100 000; 2021: 28 239.04/100 000 vs 10 059.39/100 000). Regions with high SDI exhibited a higher ASPR than the other regions, with significant differences in prevalence rates across different countries. From 1990 to 2021, there was a slight increase in global ASPR, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.06%. Females experienced a smaller increase than males based on AAPC (0.04% vs 0.07%). There was reduction in ASPR in preschool and school-aged groups, with an AAPC of -0.02%, while there was a significant increase in ASPR in adolescence, with an AAPC of 0.07%. ASPR decreased in regions with low-middle and low levels of SDI, with an AAPC of -0.02% and -0.04%, respectively, while it increased in regions with middle SDI, with an AAPC of 0.24%.
Conclusions: There is a consistent increase in the ASPR of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally, with significant differences across sexes, age groups, SDI regions and countries/territories.
目的: 分析全球0~19岁儿童青少年紧张性头痛（tension-type headache, TTH）的患病情况，为疾病防治提供依据。方法: 利用全球疾病负担数据库，针对全球不同性别、年龄段、社会人口指数（sociodemographic index, SDI）区域、国家/地区的0~19岁儿童青少年，分析TTH的年龄标准化患病率分布情况及其变化趋势。结果: 2021年全球0~19岁儿童青少年TTH的年龄标准化患病率为17 339.89/10万，较1990年增加1.73%。女性患病率略高于男性（1990年：17 707.65/10万 vs 16 403.78/10万；2021年：17 946.29/10万 vs 16 763.09/10万）。青春期患病率高于学龄期及学龄期前（1990年：27 672.04/10万vs 10 134.16/10万；2021年：28 239.04/10万 vs 10 059.39/10万）。高SDI区域患病率高于其他区域。不同国家/地区间患病率存在差异。1990—2021年，全球患病率略有升高［年平均变化百分比（average annual percentage change, AAPC）：0.06%］，女性患病率升高幅度小于男性（AAPC：0.04% vs 0.07%）；学龄期及学龄期前患病率下降（AAPC：-0.02%），青春期患病率升高（AAPC：0.07%）；中低与低SDI区域患病率下降（AAPC分别为-0.02%、-0.04%），中SDI区域患病率上升（AAPC：0.24%）。结论: 全球0~19岁儿童青少年TTH年龄标准化患病率持续上升，且在不同性别、年龄段、SDI区域、国家/地区间存在差异。.
Keywords: Adolescent; Child; Prevalence rate; Temporal trend; Tension-type headache.