Antioxidant cysteine and methionine derivatives show trachea disruption in insects

PLoS One. 2024 Oct 29;19(10):e0310919. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310919. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

To prevent the deterioration of the global environment, the reduction of chemical pesticide use and the development of eco-friendly pest control technologies are urgent issues. Our recent study revealed that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dual oxidase (Duox) plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the tracheal network by intermediating the tyrosine cross-linking of proteins that constitute trachea. Notably, the formation of dityrosine bonds by ROS can be inhibited by the intake of an antioxidant cysteine derivative N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which can suppress insect respiration. In this study, we screened for the derivatives showing insecticidal activity and tracheal formation inhibition. As a result of investigating the soybean pest bug Riptortus pedestris, cysteine and methionine derivatives showed respiratory formation inhibition and high insecticidal activity. In particular, NAC had a slow-acting insecticidal effect, while L-cysteine methyl ester (L-CME) showed relatively fast-acting insecticidal activity. Furthermore, the insecticidal activity of these derivatives was also detected in Drosophila, mealworms, cockroaches, termites, and plant bugs. Our results suggest that some antioxidant compounds have specific tracheal inhibitory activity in different insect species and they may be used as novel pest control agents upon further characterization.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antioxidants* / metabolism
  • Antioxidants* / pharmacology
  • Cysteine* / analogs & derivatives
  • Cysteine* / metabolism
  • Insecta / drug effects
  • Insecticides* / chemistry
  • Insecticides* / pharmacology
  • Methionine* / analogs & derivatives
  • Methionine* / metabolism
  • Methionine* / pharmacology
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Trachea* / drug effects
  • Trachea* / metabolism

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Cysteine
  • Methionine
  • Insecticides
  • Reactive Oxygen Species

Grants and funding

This study is financed by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI project 21K18241 and Northern Advancement Center for Science & Technology (NOASTEC) projects S-3-7 and H-3-5.The funders played no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.