Vital Predictive and Prognostic Roles of Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Women With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Xiao-Xia Qiu; Yong-Li Chen; Xin-Kang Wang; Re-Hua Wang

doi:10.1002/hsr2.70157

Vital Predictive and Prognostic Roles of Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Women With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Health Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 27;7(11):e70157. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70157. eCollection 2024 Nov.

Authors

Xiao-Xia Qiu¹, Yong-Li Chen^{2

3

4}, Xin-Kang Wang^{4

5}, Re-Hua Wang^{4

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China.
² South Branch of Cardiology Department Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China.
³ Department of Cardiology Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian China.
⁴ Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China.
⁵ Department of Electrocardiographic Diagnosis Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou Fujian China.
⁶ Department of Cardiology Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China.

Abstract

Background and aims: As a biomarker of insulin resistance (IR) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) has received significant attention. However, most research on AMI has focused on male patients, as it is traditionally believed to primarily affect males. Therefore, this study was conducted on a female population with AMI to investigate the potential correlation between the TyG index and their outcomes.

Methods: A total of 320 women who were admitted to Fujian Provincial Hospital for AMI between January 2017 and December 2019 were included in this study. The TyG index was calculated using the following formula: ln [fasting triglycerides (TG) (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mg/dL)/2]. The primary endpoint of the study was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), which included all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, rehospitalization for heart failure and stroke. The association between the TyG index and unfavorable outcomes in female patients was investigated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results: It was ultimately estimated that 111 patients developed MACCEs. Females with high TyG indices had a higher prevalence of diabetes, elevated heart rates, and hemoglobin A1c, as well as a higher likelihood of undergoing thrombus aspiration and stent placement. The TyG index was found to be positively correlated with the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and damaged vessels. However, this correlation was modest, yet statistically significant. Furthermore, after adjusting for conventional risk factors, the TyG index (HR: 4.292, 95% CI: 2.784-6.616, p < 0.001) was independently associated with MACCEs.

Conclusion: As an independent risk predictor, the TyG index has the potential to enhance clinical outcomes for women with AMI.

Keywords: acute myocardial infarction (AMI); female; insulin resistance (IR); major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCEs); triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG index).