Exploring the gut microbiome's role in colorectal cancer: diagnostic and prognostic implications

Front Immunol. 2024 Oct 17:15:1431747. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1431747. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

The intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer (CRC) presents novel avenues for early diagnosis and prognosis, crucial for improving patient outcomes. This comprehensive review synthesizes current findings on the gut microbiome's contribution to CRC pathogenesis, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for non-invasive CRC screening strategies. We explore the mechanisms through which the microbiome influences CRC, including its roles in inflammation, metabolism, and immune response modulation. Furthermore, we assess the viability of microbial signatures as predictive tools for CRC prognosis, offering insights into personalized treatment approaches. Our analysis underscores the necessity for advanced metagenomic studies to elucidate the complex microbiome-CRC nexus, aiming to refine diagnostic accuracy and prognostic assessment in clinical settings. This review propels forward the understanding of the microbiome's diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, paving the way for microbiome-based interventions in CRC management.

Keywords: colorectal cancer; disease detection; disease progression; gut microbiome; health research.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Colorectal Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Colorectal Neoplasms* / etiology
  • Colorectal Neoplasms* / immunology
  • Colorectal Neoplasms* / microbiology
  • Early Detection of Cancer
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome* / immunology
  • Humans
  • Metagenomics / methods
  • Prognosis

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by (1) the Research Council of the University of Hong Kong (104004092 and 104004460); (2) Wong’s donation (200006276); (3) a donation from the Gaia Family Trust of New Zealand (200007008); (4) the Research Grants Committee (RGC) of Hong Kong, HKSAR (740608, 766211, 17152116 and 17121419); (5) Health and Medical Research Fund (15162961,18192141 and 16172751); (6) Enhanced new staff start-up fund (204610519); and (7) Pre-emptive retention fund (202007002).