Quantitative analysis of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) in fish muscle by high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization using (2,4-dinitrophenyl)-hydrazine

Food Chem. 2025 Feb 1;464(Pt 3):141841. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141841. Epub 2024 Oct 30.

Abstract

4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a reactive compound produced during the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, is implicated in numerous diseases and the degradation of food quality. Although the detection of HNE in meat has a long history, methods for detecting HNE in freshwater fish are inadequate due to the significant influence of matrix differences (i.e., the matrix effect). We developed a method to measure HNE in six freshwater fish species: Grass carp, Silver carp, Bighead carp, Common carp, Crucian carp, and Wuchang bream. This method showed excellent linearity (R2 values from 0.9943 to 0.9958) and high recovery rates (95.45-104.41 %), with limits of detection (LOD) between 0.029 and 0.176 μmol/kg, covering a range of 0.006 to 25.600 μmol/kg. Matrix effect assessment revealed matrix factors (Mf) between 0.13 and 0.47. This study enhances our understanding of lipid oxidation in fish and guides improvements in food processing techniques.

Keywords: 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal; Detection method; Fish; HPLC; Lipid peroxidation.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Aldehydes* / analysis
  • Aldehydes* / chemistry
  • Aldehydes* / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Carps / metabolism
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Fishes* / metabolism
  • Meat / analysis
  • Muscles / chemistry
  • Muscles / metabolism
  • Phenylhydrazines / chemistry

Substances

  • Aldehydes
  • 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
  • 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
  • Phenylhydrazines