Cadophorin C, a new cyclic heptapeptide isolated from a mangrove-derived fungus Penicillium sp. GXIMD 03101

One new cyclic heptapeptide, cadophorin C (1), and one known analogue cadophorin B (2) were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Penicillium sp. GXIMD 03101 from the mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius L. The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated by comprehensive analysis of the spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS, and the known compound was identified by comparing the data with literature values. Compounds 1 and 2 were screened for antibacterial activity and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) inhibitory activity. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 have weak activity against Vibrio harveyi with MIC values of 3.12 and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 have significant inhibitory activity against BPH with IC₅₀ values of 2.62 and 2.23 μM, respectively.