Femur Fracture in Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome: A Case Report

Introduction: Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) is a medical condition that involves the abnormal enlargement of bones and soft tissues, along with the presence of arterio-venous malformations and cutaneous vascular nevus. This is an uncommon condition that is present from birth and affects the blood vessels. There are relatively few documented cases of how to treat fractures in the lower limbs of individuals with this condition.

Case report: A 37-year-old Indian male patient presented to our emergency room with a history of trivial trauma resulting from slipping and falling on the floor. From a clinical perspective, there was a bone deformity observed on the right thigh, accompanied by large dilated veins on the affected limb. The radiographs revealed osteoporotic bone with a fracture in the middle third of the right femur, as well as several small calcified masses dispersed throughout the affected lower leg. A Computed Tomography angiography was performed, revealing the presence of developmental venous malformations along with dilated deep and superficial venous channels. The diagnosis of KTS was ultimately confirmed by integrating clinical and radiological observations. The patient had surgical management with closed intramedullary nailing. Subsequent examinations showed strong indications of bone union without any significant complications.

Conclusion: the surgical treatment of orthopaedic injuries in patients with KTS has been demonstrated to be linked to higher amounts of blood loss during the operation. In such circumstances, it is essential to do a comprehensive clinic-radiological assessment and careful preoperative planning to effectively treat or prevent surgical problems in these patients.