From Risk to Recovery: Looking Ahead to the Next 50 Years of Preoperative Cardiovascular Assessment

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
• ² Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.