Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole-based deep eutectic solvents modified nickel ferrite nanoparticles and their application in dispersive solid phase extraction of triazole pesticides prior to LC-MS/MS analysis

A dispersive solid phase extraction method using new magnetic nanoparticles based on nickel ferrite was introduced for the extraction of six triazole pesticides (penconazole, hexaconazole, tebuconazole, diniconazole, triadimefon, and difenoconazole) from water samples before liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Initially, a new deep eutectic solvent was synthesized with 1,2,4-triazole and n-octanol for surface modification of the nanoparticles easily achieved through microwave radiation. The nanoparticles morphology, magnetic properties, adsorption capacity, isotherms, and crystalline patterns of the sorbent were examined. The capability of the sorbent was evaluated by extracting the target pesticides from water samples showing significant differences in adsorption capacity and efficiency between the modified and non-modified nanoparticles. High extraction recoveries (68-86 %) were achieved for the analytes using small amounts of the sorbent with low limits of detection (0.03-0.08 ng mL^-1) and quantification (0.13-0.29 ng mL^-1), a wide linear range (0.29-250 ng mL^-1), and acceptable precision (relative standard deviations ≤6.9 %).