Medium-term immunogenicity of three doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in Hong Kong neuromuscular disease patients

Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2424615. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2424615. Epub 2024 Nov 13.

Abstract

The durability of the immunogenicity elicited by three doses of mRNA-based BNT162b2 and whole-virus inactivated CoronaVac in patients with neuromuscular diseases, particularly those on immunosuppressive drugs and variants of concern, has not been well-established. Our goal was to evaluate medium-term humoral immunogenicity outcomes after 3 doses of these vaccines. Peripheral blood samples were collected from participants 14-49 days and 155-210 days after administration of the third vaccine dose to assess humoral immune responses through serological assays. The immunogenicity outcomes of each patient were compared to those of three age-matched healthy control participants, ensuring a balanced comparison. Both patients that received 3 doses of BNT162b2 and 10 (90.9%) patients that received CoronaVac seroconverted against wild-type-SARS-CoV-2 virus, showing comparable antibody responses to healthy participants. After 6 months, one patient in BNT162b2 and all four patients in CoronaVac groups maintained seropositivity. The JN-1 specific binding antibody response was lower compared to wild-type virus. The use of corticosteroids did not affect seroconversion rate against wild-type virus or JN.1 variant. BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were immunogenic for neuromuscular diseases patients, maintaining durability after 6 months even for those on corticosteroids. Our data support a rapid immunization series utilizing mRNA-based and whole-virus inactivated vaccines for future pandemic.

Keywords: BNT162b2; COVID-19; CoronaVac; immunogenicity; neuromuscular diseases.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antibodies, Viral* / blood
  • BNT162 Vaccine* / administration & dosage
  • BNT162 Vaccine* / immunology
  • COVID-19 Vaccines* / administration & dosage
  • COVID-19 Vaccines* / immunology
  • COVID-19* / immunology
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • Female
  • Hong Kong
  • Humans
  • Immunogenicity, Vaccine*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuromuscular Diseases* / immunology
  • SARS-CoV-2* / immunology
  • Seroconversion
  • Vaccines, Inactivated* / administration & dosage
  • Vaccines, Inactivated* / immunology

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • BNT162 Vaccine
  • Vaccines, Inactivated
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccines
  • sinovac COVID-19 vaccine

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the research grants COVID19F02, COVID19F10, and COVID19F12 from the Health Bureau, the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.