Resistance to cosmetic botulinum toxin A: A 15-patient case series across 12 sites

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
• ² Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
• ³ Private Practice, Woodbridge, Canada.
• ⁴ Dr. Jean Carruthers Cosmetic, Vancouver, Canada.
• ⁵ Department of Ophthalmology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
• ⁶ Skin Associates of South Florida, Coral Gables, Florida.
• ⁷ Private Practice, Coral Gables, Florida.
• ⁸ Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Spring Lake, New Jersey.
• ⁹ Clínica Renascence, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
• ¹⁰ Private Practice, São Paulo, Brazil.
• ¹¹ Dermatology and Surgery of Southern Ohio, Fairfield, Ohio.
• ¹² Palm Beach Dermatology, Palm Beach, Florida.
• ¹³ Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
• ¹⁴ Hexsel Dermatology Clinics, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre, Brazil.