Radiographic Assessment of Total Knee Arthroplasty Alignment With and Without Accelerometer-Based Navigation at a Resident Training Institution

Brett G Brazier; Christian B Allen; Daryl G Hilyard; Darshan S Shah; David E Vizurraga; Donald N Hope

doi:10.1055/a-2481-8647

Radiographic Assessment of Total Knee Arthroplasty Alignment With and Without Accelerometer-Based Navigation at a Resident Training Institution

J Knee Surg. 2024 Dec 27. doi: 10.1055/a-2481-8647. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Brett G Brazier¹, Christian B Allen², Daryl G Hilyard¹, Darshan S Shah³, David E Vizurraga¹, Donald N Hope¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), San Antonio, Texas.
² Department of Research and Innovation, University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, Texas.
³ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Blanchfield Army Community Hospital, Fort Campbell, Kentucky.

PMID: 39577847
DOI: 10.1055/a-2481-8647

Abstract

Malalignment and lack of surgeon experience are cited as risk factors for prosthetic failure and the need for subsequent revision surgery in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Various conventional (CON) and computer-assisted surgical (CAS) methods have been developed to try and prevent malalignment and limit outliers. One of these methods is through an accelerometer-based CAS (aCAS), which intraoperatively helps determine the angulation and amount of resection necessary to restore alignment in TKA. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of TKA alignment outliers in TKAs performed both with CON and aCAS methods at a single training institution in cases that trainees were involved in. In this retrospective single-center study, radiographic analysis of 150 primary TKAs performed at our training institution was performed. The medial distal femoral angle (DFA), medial proximal tibial angle (PTA), and posterior slope angle (PSA) were evaluated on immediate postoperative radiographs of 75 aCAS and 75 CON knees. Outlier measurements were defined as DFA outside of 5 ± 3 degrees valgus, PTA > ± 3 degrees from neutral axis, and PSA outside 0 to 7 degrees for cruciate retaining and 0 to 5 degrees for posterior stabilized implants. Data was analyzed using chi-squared, analysis of variance, and Student's t-tests. There was no significant difference found between these two groups in the total number of outliers (8% aCAS vs. 9.8% CON, p = 0.508). Additionally, there was also no significant difference found for any of the radiographic measurements independently; DFA (8% vs. 8%, p = 1.00), PTA (4% vs. 9%, p = 0.184), and PSA (12% vs. 12%, p = 1.00), when comparing aCAS and CON TKAs. Primary TKAs performed at a single training institution demonstrated no significant difference between aCAS and CON methods in the total number of outliers or in the number of outliers for each postoperative radiographic measurement. This study would suggest that there is no advantage in limiting outliers when utilizing aCAS for TKAs at training institutions in cases that trainees are involved in. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III Retrospective Cohort Study.