Burden of alopecia areata in China, 1990-2021: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Xiangqian Li; Huixin Liu; Wenhui Ren; Qijiong Zhu; Peng Yin; Lijun Wang; Jianzhong Zhang; Jinlei Qi; Cheng Zhou

doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000003373

Burden of alopecia areata in China, 1990-2021: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Chin Med J (Engl). 2024 Nov 22. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003373. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Xiangqian Li¹, Huixin Liu², Wenhui Ren², Qijiong Zhu³, Peng Yin⁴, Lijun Wang⁴, Jianzhong Zhang¹, Jinlei Qi⁴, Cheng Zhou¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
² Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
³ Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
⁴ National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.

PMID: 39602332
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003373

Abstract

Background: Research has indicated that the disease burden of alopecia areata (AA) in China exceeds the global average. Therefore, accurate and updated epidemiological information is crucial for policymakers. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively assess the disease burden of AA in China.

Methods: The following four key indicators were utilized: the prevalence of cases; disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs); the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR); and the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) of AA according to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021. We analyzed the epidemiological burden of AA in China during 2021, examined changes between 1990 and 2021, and performed a Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis to predict trends over the course of the next decade (2022-2030). Additionally, a Gaussian process regression model was applied to estimate the relationship between the gross domestic product (GDP) and the ASPR and ASDR of AA at the provincial level between 1992 and 2021.

Results: In 2021, the estimated number of patients with AA in China was approximately 3.49 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 3.37-3.62 million); of these patients, 1.20 million (1.16-1.25 million) were male and 2.29 million (95% UI, 2.20-2.37 million) were female. This large number of patients with AA resulted in a total of 114,431.25 DALYs (95% UI, 74,780.27-160,318.96 DALYs). Additionally, the ASPR and ASDR were 224.61 per 100,000 population (95% UI, 216.73-232.65 per 100,000 population) and 7.41 per 100,000 population (95% UI, 4.85-10.44 per 100,000 population), respectively; both of these rates were higher than the global averages. The most affected demographic groups were young and female individuals 25-39 years of age. Slight regional disparities were observed, with the northern and central regions of China bearing comparatively higher burdens. Between 1990 and 2021, the health loss and disease burden caused by AA in China remained relatively stable. The ASPR and ASDR of AA increased with the GDP when the annual GDP was less than 2 trillion yuan; however, a downward trend was observed as the GDP surpassed 2 trillion yuan. A slight upward trend in the disease burden of AA in China is predicted to occur over the next decade.

Conclusions: AA continues to be a public health concern in China that shows no signs of declining. Targeted efforts for young individuals and females are necessary because they experience a disproportionately high burden of AA.