Valve Performance Between Latest-Generation Balloon-Expandable and Self-Expandable Transcatheter Heart Valves in a Small Aortic Annulus

JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2024 Nov 25;17(22):2612-2622. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2024.08.049.

Abstract

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using a self-expandable valve (SEV) promotes better hemodynamics compared with a balloon-expandable valve (BEV) in a small aortic annulus (SAA).

Objectives: The authors sought to compare hemodynamic properties and clinical outcomes between the latest-generation BEV and SEV after TAVR for SAA.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1,227 patients undergoing TAVR for aortic stenosis with SAA, defined as an annulus area ≤430 mm2, using the BEV (SAPIEN3 Ultra RESILIA, Edwards Lifesciences) and SEV (Evolut FX, Medtronic). The impact of valve design on severe prosthesis-patient mismatch, aortic valve mean pressure gradient ≥20 mm Hg, paravalvular leakage (PVL) ≥ mild, new permanent pacemaker implantation (PMI), and modified VARC-3 device success at discharge was evaluated using logistic regression and propensity score analysis.

Results: Of 1,227 patients, 798 (65.0%) underwent TAVR with BEV implantation. TAVR using BEV had a relatively higher rate of severe prosthesis-patient mismatch (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 0.54-5.62) and significantly higher incidence of mean pressure gradient ≥20 mm Hg (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 0.91-4.62) than that using SEV. By contrast, the BEV showed significantly lower incidence of PVL ≥ mild (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.14-0.26), and new PMI (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.33-0.86). The rate of device success was comparable between the BEV and the SEV. These results were confirmed by propensity score analysis.

Conclusions: In TAVR for SAA, SEV demonstrated better hemodynamics than the latest BEV, whereas the latest BEV had lower incidences of PVL ≥ mild and new PMI than the SEV.

Keywords: balloon-expandable valve; self-expandable valve; small aortic annulus; transcatheter aortic valve replacement; valve performance.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis* / diagnostic imaging
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis* / physiopathology
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis* / surgery
  • Aortic Valve* / diagnostic imaging
  • Aortic Valve* / physiopathology
  • Aortic Valve* / surgery
  • Balloon Valvuloplasty* / adverse effects
  • Female
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis*
  • Hemodynamics*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Prosthesis Design*
  • Recovery of Function
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / adverse effects
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / instrumentation
  • Treatment Outcome