Differences in target organ damage in individuals with intermediate hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes identified by 1-hour plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2025 Jan:219:111941. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111941. Epub 2024 Nov 30.

Abstract

Aims: The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has recently recommended determination of 1-hour glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to diagnose intermediate hyperglycemia (IH) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Herein, we investigated the implications of IDF recommendation for characterizing the risk of cardiovascular target organ damage including left ventricular mass normalized by body surface area (LVM index [LVMI]), and myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency normalized by LVM (MEEi) in individuals with IH and T2D.

Methods: LVMI, and MEEi were assessed in 1847 adults classified on the basis of fasting, 1-hour and 2- hour glucose during an OGTT according to the IDF recommendation as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 736), isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG, n = 105), IH (n = 676), and newly diagnosed T2D (n = 330).

Results: As compared with NGT group, individuals with either IH or T2D exhibited significantly higher LVMI (97 ± 26, 109 ± 30, and 116 ± g/m2, P < 0.001, respectively), and a decrease in MEEi (0.42 ± 0.11, 0.37 ± 0.10, and 0.35 ± 0.11 ml/sec*g-1, P < 0.001, respectively). LVMI, and MEEi did not differ between NGT and iIFG groups.

Conclusion: The thresholds of 1-hour post-load glucose proposed by IDF as diagnostic criteria for IH and T2D are capable of detecting individuals at risk of cardiovascular target organ damage.

Keywords: 1-hour post-load glucose; Cardiovascular damage; Intermediate hyperglycemia; Left ventricular mass; Myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency; Type 2 diabetes.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Blood Glucose* / analysis
  • Blood Glucose* / metabolism
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / diagnosis
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / blood
  • Female
  • Glucose Tolerance Test*
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia* / diagnosis
  • Male
  • Middle Aged

Substances

  • Blood Glucose