USMLE Performance, Subsequent Standardized Testing, and ABIM Certification Exam Preparation for Internal Medicine Residency Programs: A Narrative Review

Standardized examinations measure progress throughout medical education. Successful completion of the American Board of Internal Medicine Certification Examination (ABIM-CE) benchmarks completion of internal medicine (IM) residency training. Recent declines in initial ABIM-CE pass rates may prompt residency programs to examine strategies to improve learner performance. We synthesized published literature on associations between the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), in-training examination (ITE), and board preparation to support residents for ABIM-CE. We searched MEDLINE for test performance and preparation strategies for IM board certification during training. Relevant articles published until March 15, 2024, were screened using pre-defined criteria for narrative review, then codified into three domains (USMLE, ITE, curriculum/program strategies). Findings were grouped by theme into considerations for training programs seeking guidance on learning augmentation plans to improve resident performance on ABIM-CE. Themes drawn from articles focused on USMLE include validity in predicting CE performance, noting (1) failing USMLE Step 1 is associated with failing ABIM-CE, (2) any USMLE score < 220 increases failure probability, and (3) a mean USMLE ≥ 250 approximates ~ 100% pass rates on board examination. Inferences from ITE-focused articles support use as a predictive tool; specifically, a score < 35th percentile signals a resident at risk for failing the ABIM-CE while > 70th percentile is predictive of passing. Lastly, inferences from curriculum- and program-focused articles suggest standard contents (conferences) do not correlate with CE passage, while targeted clinical reasoning and remediation plans do. IM residency programs should consider adopting learning augmentation strategies targeted to at-risk residents to support CE passage.