Huanglian decoction prevents and treats radiation-induced intestinal injury in lung cancer by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress

Radiotherapy is a primary treatment method for lung cancer, and radiation-induced lung injury has been widely studied. However, the lung and intestines are closely related, and patients receiving lung radiotherapy often experience gastrointestinal reactions. Huanglian Decoction has proven effective in treating intestinal diseases, but its role in radiation-induced intestinal injury in lung cancer has not yet been demonstrated. The study investigated the potential protective mechanisms of Huanglian Decoction against radiation-induced intestinal injury in lung cancer. In vivo experiments were conducted to examine the morphological changes. Changes in endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins were assessed using electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. In vitro studies involved the overexpression of TRPA1 protein in NCM460 cells via lentiviral vectors. Tumor-bearing mice exhibited severe damage to both lung and colon tissues following radiotherapy, with elevated levels of IL-33, increased expression of ST2L and TRPA1 in colon tissues, higher levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, and the presence of apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Huanglian Decoction reduced radiation-induced intestinal injury by lowering IL-33 levels, which in turn reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress response in colon tissues. In TRPA1-overexpressing NCM460 cells, Huanglian Decoction decreased TRPA1 expression levels and significantly alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Conclusively, the results indicate that Huanglian Decoction alleviates radiation-induced intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress by reducing IL-33 levels, subsequently inhibiting the expression of ST2L and TRPA1 in colon tissues. This demonstrates the protective effect of Huanglian Decoction on the intestines during lung cancer radiotherapy, highlighting its promising clinical application in radiation protection.