Non-coding RNAs in Cancer: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications

Arjumand John; Nuha Almulla; Noureddine Elboughdiri; Amel Gacem; Krishna Kumar Yadav; Anass M Abass; Mir Waqas Alam; Ab Waheed Wani; Showkeen Muzamil Bashir; Safia Obaidur Rab; Abhinav Kumar; Atif Khurshid Wani

doi:10.1016/j.prp.2024.155745

Non-coding RNAs in Cancer: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications

Pathol Res Pract. 2024 Nov 29:266:155745. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155745. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144411, India.
² Department of Biology, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
³ Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Aout, Skikda 1955, Algeria.
⁵ Department of VLSI Microelectronics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai - 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq.
⁶ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: [email protected].
⁸ Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144411, India.
⁹ Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
¹⁰ Central Labs, King Khalid University, AlQura'a, P.O. Box 960, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia; Department of Technical Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India.
¹² School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144411, India. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 39637712
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155745

Abstract

Non-coding RNAs have gathered significant attention for their unique roles in biological regulation. Across a broad spectrum of developmental processes and diseases, particularly in human malignancies, ncRNAs play pivotal roles in regulatory mechanisms. MicroRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs stand out among the diverse forms of ncRNAs that have been implicated in cancer. MiRNAs, classified as short non-coding RNAs, modulate gene expression by binding to messenger RNA molecules, thereby inhibiting their translation. Altered miRNA expression has been associated with the onset and progression of various malignancies, including lung, breast, and prostate cancer. In contrast, lncRNAs, characterized as longer ncRNAs, exert control over gene expression through various mechanisms, such as chromatin remodelling and gene silencing. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the numerous ncRNAs that have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression, playing implicated roles in the initiation and progression of diverse cancers.

Keywords: Cancer biology; Cancer diagnosis; CircRNA; LncRNA; MiRNA; Therapeutic targets.

Publication types

Review