Extraction, purification, structural identification, and anti-senescent activity of novel pearl peptides on human dermal fibroblasts

Food Res Int. 2024 Dec:198:115357. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115357. Epub 2024 Nov 19.

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to prepare novel anti-senescent peptides from pearls, characterize their primary sequence and secondary structure, and investigate their protective effects and molecular mechanisms towards D-galactose (D-gal)-induced senescence on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Novel pearl peptides with a purity of 96.58 % and maximum yield of 3.29 % were obtained using ultrasonic-assisted acetic acid extraction strategy under the optimal extraction conditions (ultrasonic power 200 W, ultrasonic time 70 min, and the ratio of pearl powder to acetic acid 1:20). It is sequenced mainly as five novel anti-senescent peptides with molecular weight < 2000 Da, and consisted of β-sheet (43.2 %), random coil (32.1 %), β-turn (21.2 %) and α-helix (3.5 %) analyzed by LC-MS/MS, FT-IR and CD spectroscopy. Further anti-senescent experiments showed that pearl peptides can increase cell viability, restore DNA damage, and suppress the accumulation of ROS as well as senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal). The molecular mechanism may be that pearl peptides down-regulate the gene and protein expressions of senescence-associated proteins p53, p21, and p16. Therefore, novel pearl peptides could be developed as functional foods or nutritional supplements for the prevention of skin aging.

Keywords: Anti-senescent activity; Human dermal fibroblasts; Pearl peptides; Structural identification; Ultrasonic-assisted acetic acid extraction strategy.

MeSH terms

  • Cell Survival* / drug effects
  • Cellular Senescence* / drug effects
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / genetics
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / metabolism
  • DNA Damage / drug effects
  • Fibroblasts* / drug effects
  • Fruit / chemistry
  • Galactose / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Peptides* / chemistry
  • Peptides* / isolation & purification
  • Peptides* / pharmacology
  • Pinctada / chemistry
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Skin / chemistry
  • Skin / cytology
  • Skin / drug effects
  • Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism
  • beta-Galactosidase / metabolism

Substances

  • Peptides
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • Galactose
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • beta-Galactosidase
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21