Four new species of the sciapodine genus Mesorhaga Schiner (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) are described from the states of Piauí and Maranhão (Northeastern Brazil): Mesorhaga danbickeli sp. nov., M. gomesi sp. nov., M. laetitia sp. nov. and M. parnasete sp. nov. All species are illustrated with photos of general habitus and genitalia of males, and an identification key to South American species is provided.