Role of Bispecific Antibodies in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NENs): Review of Literature

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with an increasing incidence in the last few decades. Despite therapeutic advances in the management of GEP-NENs, resistance to many of these treatments has made their management a great challenge. One of the most recent advances in oncologic therapy is targeting multiple receptors simultaneously and engaging immune cells in the tumor microenvironment through bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Since the FDA approval of the anti-CD3 × anti CD19 BsAb blinatumomab, for management of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, around a hundred different BsAbs have been developed and tested in various clinical trials. In this article, we review the current development of BsAbs developed or being currently tested for the management of GEP-NENs, their mechanism of action, current results from ongoing trials, toxicities, and upcoming trials.