Continuous monitoring of respiratory drive plays an important role in guiding mechanical ventilation and assessing changes in disease, but respiratory drive cannot be measured directly. Respiratory and critical care practitioners often monitor respiratory effort to reflect respiratory drive, such as esophageal pressure and esophageal diaphragm electrical activity, but these methods are limited by their invasive nature, high technical requirements, and high cost. Esophageal diaphragmatic electromyography only monitors the activity level of the diaphragm and ignores other respiratory muscles, especially in patients who breathe forcefully and cannot truly reflect the patient's inspiratory effort. As a result, the monitoring of esophageal pressure and esophageal diaphragmatic electromyography activity are limited in clinical application. Surface electromyography (sEMG) of respiratory muscles is a non-invasive method for monitoring respiratory electromyographic activity that can be used to monitor the activity levels of all respiratory muscles and evaluate their functional status. This paper summarized the progress of sEMG in evaluating dyspnea, predicting acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diagnosing bronchial asthma, guiding mechanical ventilation, and formulating respiratory muscle training programs to provide a new method of assessing respiratory effort.
连续监测呼吸驱动对于指导机械通气、判断病情变化具有重要作用，但呼吸驱动不可直接测量。呼吸与危重症医学的医务人员通常通过监测呼吸努力来反映呼吸驱动，如食管压和食道膈肌电活动，但这些手段因其有创性、较高的技术要求及高昂的费用问题而使用受限。食道膈肌电活动只监测膈肌的活动水平而忽略了其他呼吸肌，特别是对于用力呼吸的患者，不能真实反映患者的吸气努力。这也使食管压和食道膈肌电活动的监测在临床运用上受到限制。呼吸肌表面肌电图（sEMG）是一种无创的监测呼吸肌电活动的方法，可用于所有呼吸肌活动水平的监测和功能状态的评估。本文总结了呼吸肌sEMG用于评估呼吸困难、预测慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重、支气管哮喘诊断、指导机械通气以及制定呼吸肌训练方案等方面的研究进展，以期为呼吸努力的评估提供新的方法。.