Daily glucose variability is associated with intrahepatic fat content, β cell sensitivity, and biomarkers of glycolysis in youth with obesity

Obesity (Silver Spring). 2025 Jan;33(1):116-124. doi: 10.1002/oby.24175. Epub 2024 Dec 10.

Abstract

Objective: Pediatric obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which, in turn, impacts glucose and lipid metabolism. This study sought to assess how glucose variability relates to intrahepatic fat content, β cell insulin sensitivity, and glycolysis in youth with obesity.

Methods: A total of 27 youth with obesity (11 girls, BMI percentile, median [25th-75th percentiles]: 99.0 [97.9-99.0]) wore a continuous glucose monitoring device for 10 days and underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test. β cell function was assessed using the oral minimal model, and liver proton density fat fraction was measured by magnetic resonance imaging.

Results: Average sensor-derived glucose and glucose standard deviation (STDEV) and coefficient of variation (CV) were associated with liver proton density fat fraction (p = 0.0130, p = 0.0005, and p = 0.0028, respectively). First-phase insulin secretion, basal insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity were associated with STDEV (p = 0.0344, p = 0.0091, and p = 0.0031, respectively) and CV (p = 0.0128, p = 0.0012, and p = 0.0022, respectively). STDEV and CV were also associated with 2-h glucose (p = 0.0067 and p = 0.0324, respectively) and plasma lactate (p = 0.0030 and p = 0.0123, respectively).

Conclusions: Daily glucose variability is associated with the degree of intrahepatic fat content, postprandial glucose, and plasma lactate concentrations.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Biomarkers* / blood
  • Biomarkers* / metabolism
  • Blood Glucose* / metabolism
  • Child
  • Female
  • Glucose Tolerance Test*
  • Glycolysis*
  • Humans
  • Insulin / blood
  • Insulin / metabolism
  • Insulin Resistance*
  • Insulin-Secreting Cells* / metabolism
  • Liver* / metabolism
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Male
  • Pediatric Obesity* / blood
  • Pediatric Obesity* / metabolism

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Biomarkers
  • Insulin