Molecular basis of the CYFIP2 and NCKAP1 autism-linked variants in the WAVE regulatory complex

Protein Sci. 2025 Jan;34(1):e5238. doi: 10.1002/pro.5238.

Abstract

The WAVE regulatory pentameric complex regulates actin remodeling. Two components of it (CYFIP2 and NCKAP1) are encoded by genes whose genetic mutations increase the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we use a newly developed computational protocol and hotspot analysis to uncover the functional impact of these mutations at the interface of the correct isoforms of the two proteins into the complex. The mutations turn out to be located on the surfaces involving the largest number of hotspots of the complex. Most of them decrease the affinity of the proteins for the rest of the complex, but some have the opposite effect. The results are fully consistent with the available experimental data. The observed changes in the WAVE regulatory complex stability might impact on complex activation and ultimately play a role in the aberrant pathway of the complex, leading to the cell derangement associated with the disease.

Keywords: WAVE regulatory complex; autism‐linked mutations; hotspot analysis; protein isoforms; protein–protein docking.

MeSH terms

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing* / chemistry
  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing* / genetics
  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing* / metabolism
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder / genetics
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder / metabolism
  • Autistic Disorder / genetics
  • Autistic Disorder / metabolism
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / chemistry
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / genetics
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Models, Molecular
  • Mutation
  • Oncogene Proteins* / chemistry
  • Oncogene Proteins* / genetics
  • Oncogene Proteins* / metabolism

Substances

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • Oncogene Proteins
  • CYFIP2 protein, human
  • Nck protein
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal