Successful Treatment of an Esophago-Tracheobronchial Fistula Using Double Stenting to Correct Initial Stent Migration: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Esophago-tracheobronchial fistula is a severe and often fatal complication in patients with advanced esophageal cancer, requiring prompt attention. The standard treatment involves the placement of a covered stent, which is relatively simple to perform and effectively seals the fistula. However, stent migration remains a common issue, highlighting the need for improved methods to prevent it. Case Presentation: We developed an innovative double stenting method approach utilizing two types of metal stents for cases where conventional stenting led to early stent dislodgement. This technique combines the benefits of uncovered and fully covered stents while minimizing their limitations. Furthermore, it is straightforward and adaptable. In two cases treated at our facility, this method successfully maintained complete fistula coverage until the patients' deaths, allowing them to consume food orally. Conclusions: Here, we describe the procedure in detail and discuss its significance, as our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the double stenting technique.