Optimizing Dielectric Rod Antenna Performance with Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton-Based Feeding Method

Sensors (Basel). 2024 Nov 26;24(23):7543. doi: 10.3390/s24237543.

Abstract

This study investigates the use of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) as an effective feeding mechanism for antennas functioning within the extremely high-frequency (EHF) range. A novel method is proposed for feeding a dielectric rod antenna with SSPPs, featuring a simple design made from FR-4 material with a relative permittivity of 4.3. In contrast to traditional tapered dielectric rod antennas and their feeding configurations, this design shows promise for achieving a gain of up to 16.85 dBi with an antenna length of 7.6 λ0. By carefully optimizing the design, impedance matching and directional radiation characteristics were obtained at 7.3 GHz. Simulations were conducted using CST Microwave Studio to validate and evaluate the design's performance. The enhanced gain, improved impedance bandwidth, and use of cost-effective materials such as FR-4 present a compelling case for adopting this design in future wireless communication technologies. Additionally, the remote sensing properties of the feeder can be utilized for concealed object detection, material characterization, and the analysis of the spectral properties of materials.

Keywords: dielectric rod antenna; feeding element; impedance matching; metamaterial; plasmon; spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs).

Grants and funding

The Researchers would like to thank the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University for financial support (QU-APC-2024-9/1).