Uncovering key genes and molecular mechanisms of dendritic cell dysfunction in Esophageal Cancer: implications for Novel Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies

Dendritic cells play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune responses, and their dysfunction is strongly associated with esophageal cancer. In this study, we aimed to develop a predictive signature and identify key genes linked to dendritic cell dysfunction in esophageal cancer. Through bioinformatics analysis of gene expression data from the TCGA database, we identified a set of 603 genes significantly associated with dendritic cell function. Further analysis using Cox regression and LASSO regression revealed six genes (GDF15, GPT, KRTAP5-5, MMP12, SLC5A1, and C5orf52) that were strongly correlated with overall survival. The prognostic signature constructed from these genes demonstrated that patients in the high-risk group had poorer survival outcomes compared to those in the low-risk group. Immune infiltration analysis indicated a higher abundance of macrophages in the high-risk group, and correlation studies showed a strong positive association between the risk score and the expression of immune checkpoint markers PD1 and PD-L1. Drug sensitivity analysis suggested that Metformin, Gefitinib, and Lapatinib may be more effective in the low-risk group, while Pyrimethamine, Axitinib, and Rapamycin may be more beneficial for high-risk patients. In summary, we identified a 6-gene signature related to dendritic cell dysfunction that can predict prognosis in esophageal cancer, offering valuable insights for personalized therapeutic strategies.