Giant duodenal perforation: A rare malaria complication in a child; a case report and review of literature

Introduction and importance: Duodenal perforation, while uncommon, is a serious cause of acute abdomen in children. The causes of acute abdomen in children vary widely based on factors like geography and socioeconomic status. In developing countries, where infectious diseases are more prevalent, malaria can contribute to this condition.

Case presentation: A 4-year-old boy from a malaria-endemic area presented with fever, vomiting, and prostration. Investigations revealed Plasmodium falciparum malaria. After initiating antimalarial treatment, he developed acute abdominal pain and was found to have a duodenal perforation. Emergency surgery was performed, and the perforation was repaired.

Clinical discussion: Duodenal perforation in children, though rare, is a potentially life-threatening complication that can occur in the context of severe malaria. Prompt surgical management, typically involving omental patch repair of the perforation and treatment of the underlying malaria infection, is crucial for successful outcomes.

Conclusion: Duodenal perforation in children following sever malaria attack is the rare which need urgent surgical and medical management.