Measuring the Burden of Epilepsy Hospitalizations in CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder

Background: Information on the hospital service use among individuals with CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder, an ultrarare developmental epileptic encephalopathy, is limited, evidence of which could assist with service planning. Therefore, using baseline and longitudinal data on 379 genetically verified individuals in the International CDKL5 Disorder Database, we aimed to investigate rates of seizure-related and other hospitalizations and associated length of stay in this cohort.

Methods: Outcome variables were lifetime count of family-reported hospitalizations and average length of stay both for seizure- (management and/or investigative) and non-seizure-related causes. These variables were examined according to gender, age group, genetic variant group, and lifetime number of antiseizure medications. Using negative binomial regression associations were expressed as incidence rate ratios and geometric mean ratios for hospitalization rates and length of stay, respectively.

Results: There were 2880 hospitalizations over 2728.4 person-years with two thirds seizure related. Infants were much more likely to be hospitalized than older individuals, with decreasing effect sizes with increasing age. Males had slightly higher rates of hospitalizations for seizure-related management and for non-seizure-related admissions. Lifetime use of six or more antiseizure medications was associated with a higher hospitalization rate for seizure management than use of three or fewer medications. The median length of stay was five days for seizure and nonseizure reasons.

Conclusion: There is an urgent need for much better seizure management in CDKL5 deficiency disorder given the hospitalization burden especially in the preschool age group and the multiplicity of antiseizure medications being used.