Okanin alleviates symptoms of nociceptive-like responses in diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetic Wistar rats by regulating the AGEs/NF-κB/Nrf-2 pathway

J Pharmacol Sci. 2025 Jan;157(1):12-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.11.003. Epub 2024 Nov 22.

Abstract

Elevated reactive species and AGEs contribute to deregulation of transcription factors e.g., NF-κB and Nrf2 in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Okanin, a bioactive chalcone, is active against redox imbalance, immune response, and pro-inflammatory events. The current investigation assessed effects of okanin in streptozotocin-induced DPN in rats. Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 6): Control, DPN, Okanin 2.5, Okanin 5, Okanin 10, and Gpn (Gabapentin). After 6 weeks of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) injection, okanin (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg), and gabapentin (50 mg/kg), were administered for 4 weeks. The streptozotocin-induced reduction in body weight, and increased feed/water intake, insulin, glucose, and HbA1c levels were mitigated by okanin or gabapentin. In DPN rats, Okanin or gabapentin ameliorated insulin resistance and β-cell function, inflammatory indices, and oxidative stress in the sciatic nerve of rodents thereby culminating in a decrease in hyperalgesia and allodynia. Okanin and streptozotocin-treated rats had significantly declined levels of AGEs, the receptor for AGEs, and NF-κB, and an upsurge in Nrf2 expression. In streptozotocin-induced DPN model, okanin ameliorates nociceptive-like responses by regulating the AGEs/NF-κB/Nrf2 pathway, suggesting that okanin has therapeutic value against DPN which needs further studies involving human subjects.

Keywords: AGEs; Diabetic neuropathy; Inflammation; Okanin; Oxidative stress.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental* / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental* / metabolism
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / metabolism
  • Diabetic Neuropathies* / drug therapy
  • Diabetic Neuropathies* / etiology
  • Diabetic Neuropathies* / metabolism
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Gabapentin / pharmacology
  • Glycation End Products, Advanced / metabolism
  • Male
  • NF-E2-Related Factor 2* / metabolism
  • NF-kappa B* / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects
  • Rats
  • Rats, Wistar*
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Streptozocin

Substances

  • NF-kappa B
  • NF-E2-Related Factor 2
  • Streptozocin
  • Gabapentin
  • Glycation End Products, Advanced
  • Nfe2l2 protein, rat