Association Between Stress-Induced Weight Loss and Autophagy-Related Gene Expression in the Hippocampus and Midbrain of Depression Model Mice

Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2025 Mar;45(1):e12515. doi: 10.1002/npr2.12515.

Abstract

Aim: Recent studies have implicated autophagy in both weight regulation and depression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress-induced weight loss and autophagy-related gene expression in a mouse model of depression.

Method: Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a chronic immobilization stress (CIS) protocol for 14 days to induce depressive-like behavior. Body weight was measured before and after the CIS, and depressive-like behavior was assessed using the tail suspension test (TST). The expression levels of autophagy-related genes (Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, Becn1, Mmp9, Fkbp5, and Map1lc3b) in the hippocampus and midbrain were evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Serum cortisol levels were also measured.

Results: The CIS resulted in significant weight loss and increased immobility time in the TST, indicating depressive-like behavior. Serum cortisol levels were not different between CIS-depression model and control mice. In the hippocampus, the expression levels of Fkbp5, Mmp9, and Map1lc3b were significantly higher in CIS-depression model mice than in control mice. In the midbrain, the expression levels of Fkbp5 and Mmp9 were significantly higher in CIS-depression model mice than in control mice. Increased autophagy-related gene expressions in CIS-depression model mice were consistent with the previous studies in the postmortem brains of patients with depression. A significant negative correlation was also found between Fkbp5 mRNA expression in the hippocampus and the weight change ratio before and after the CIS.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that enhanced autophagy may be related to the pathology of depression and that Fkbp5, an autophagy regulator, mediates stress-induced weight loss.

Keywords: Fkbp5; autophagy; chronic immobilization stress (CIS); depression; stress‐induced weight loss.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Autophagy* / physiology
  • Depression* / genetics
  • Depression* / metabolism
  • Disease Models, Animal*
  • Gene Expression
  • Hippocampus* / metabolism
  • Hydrocortisone / blood
  • Male
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / genetics
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism
  • Mesencephalon* / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL*
  • Restraint, Physical
  • Stress, Psychological* / genetics
  • Stress, Psychological* / metabolism
  • Tacrolimus Binding Proteins* / biosynthesis
  • Tacrolimus Binding Proteins* / genetics
  • Tacrolimus Binding Proteins* / metabolism
  • Weight Loss* / physiology

Substances

  • Tacrolimus Binding Proteins
  • tacrolimus binding protein 5
  • Hydrocortisone
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9