Decoding the prognostic landscape of LUAD: the interplay between N6-methyladenosine modification and immune microenvironment

Front Immunol. 2024 Dec 10:15:1514497. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1514497. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Background: To determine the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), as well as their association with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods: Consensus clustering was performed to identify the subgroups with distinct immune or m6A modification patterns using profiles from TCGA. A risk score model was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and validated in two independent cohorts and LUAD tissue microarrays. For experimental validation, the regulation of METTL3/m6A axis in the expression of candidate genes by RIP-qPCR assay in A549 and H460 cell lines. Co-culture experiments with human T cells were performed to evaluate the impact of METTL3 on the enhancement of anti-tumor immunity through in vitro experiments.

Results: We identified 282 m6A regulator genes and 955 immune-related genes, selecting seven key genes (SFTPC, CYP24A1, KRT6A, PTTG1, S100P, FAM83A, and ANLN) to develop a risk score model using Lasso regression. High-risk patients, determined by this model, exhibited poorer prognosis, increased immune infiltration, higher tumor mutational burden, more neoantigens, and elevated PD-L1 expression. These findings were validated by two independent databases and LUAD tissue microarrays. METTL3 was found to impact the mRNA expression of these genes, with METTL3 deficiency abolishing these interactions. Inhibition of METTL3 enhanced anti-tumor immunity, T cell activation, exhaustion, and infiltration in vitro.

Conclusion: This risk score system shows promise for prognostic prediction and the development of personalized treatment strategies for LUAD patients.

Keywords: N6-methyladenosine modification; lung adenocarcinoma; multi-omics validation; predictive model; prognosis; tumor immune microenvironment.

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma of Lung* / genetics
  • Adenocarcinoma of Lung* / immunology
  • Adenocarcinoma of Lung* / mortality
  • Adenocarcinoma of Lung* / pathology
  • Adenosine* / analogs & derivatives
  • Adenosine* / metabolism
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Lung Neoplasms* / immunology
  • Lung Neoplasms* / mortality
  • Lung Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Male
  • Methyltransferases* / genetics
  • Methyltransferases* / metabolism
  • Prognosis
  • Tumor Microenvironment* / genetics
  • Tumor Microenvironment* / immunology

Substances

  • Adenosine
  • N-methyladenosine
  • Methyltransferases
  • METTL3 protein, human
  • Biomarkers, Tumor

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82303759 and No. 8230162697), Natural Science Foundation of Tibet Autonomous Region (No. XZ202401ZR0041), Natural Science Foundation of Shigatse (No. RKZ2024ZR-001), Technology Innovation and Application Development Key Program of Chongqing (No. CSTC2021jscx-gksb-N0026), Science-Health Joint Medical Scientific Research Project of Chongqing (No.2024MSXM035), The scientific and technological innovation ability improvement project of Army Medical University (No. 2022XQN39).