An analysis of meteorological and environmental factors linked to Thunderstorm Asthma in China

Background: Thunderstorm Asthma (TA) events are observed worldwide, but the precise triggering mechanisms remain elusive.

Objective: This study aims to outline the environmental patterns associated with TA events in China.

Methods: Environmental data was collected from Chinese cities that have experienced TA events, focusing on meteorological conditions in the seven days preceding the thunderstorms. This allowed for the identification of common environmental precursors to TA.

Results: In China, TA events are primarily concentrated in the northwest plateau region. These locations have a temperate continental monsoon climate with infrequent rainfall, leading to a generally arid environment. The four cities that have reported TA incidents are situated predominantly in the vicinity of desert areas. The extensive cultivation of Artemisia arenaria exists in these areas, which are primarily used for windbreaks and sand stabilization. In early September, prior to the occurrence of thunderstorms, these cities typically experience higher temperatures, gentle breezes, and minimal rainfall. Under such environmental conditions, the concentration of Artemisia pollen in the urban areas is extremely high. Upon the arrival of thunderstorms, these allergens can trigger widespread asthma outbreaks among individuals sensitized to them.

Conclusion: The cities in China that experience TA events are primarily situated in the vicinity of deserts located on the plateau. Prior to the occurrence of TA, these cities are exposed to an environment characterized by elevated temperatures, gentle breezes, minimal rainfall, and exceptionally high concentrations of Artemisia pollen.