Elevated Plasma Soluble (Pro)renin receptor as a potential indicator for heart failure

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that sPRR [a truncated soluble form of (pro)renin receptor] levels may reflect the severity of several diseases, including kidney disease, hypertension, and heart failure (HF). Although previous studies using cohorts primarily consisting of HF patients with reduced ejection fraction revealed that increased plasma sPRR levels may be a promising evaluative indicator for HF, definitive information on the relationship between plasma sPRR levels and HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is still insufficient and scarce. In the present study, we further clarified the status of plasma sPRR levels in HF patients by meta-analysis. We enrolled a cohort primarily consisting of HFpEF patients (87.8 %) to further determine the relationships between plasma sPRR levels and HFpEF. Meta-analysis showed a significant increase in plasma sPRR levels in HF patients, with substantial statistical heterogeneity. In our observational study, plasma sPRR levels were significantly higher in the HF group than in the non-HF group (17.4 ± 9.8 vs. 10.4 ± 3.4 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with age, B-type natriuretic peptide, creatine, urea nitrogen, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, and left atrial diameter and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Plasma sPRR levels (The average value ≥ 16.1 ± 7.2 ng/ml) and the diagnostic values (reflected by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves ≥ 0.749) of sPRR were comparable for all subtypes of HF patients. Overall, plasma sPRR levels were significantly elevated in HF patients. Elevated plasma sPRR levels may be one of the underlying indicators for HF.