Case report: a case of AL amyloidosis with spontaneous giant retroperitoneal hematoma

Background: Systemic amyloidosis is a kind of clinical syndrome in which amyloid is deposited between the cells of various organs in the body, resulting in gradual failure of the function of the affected organs. Depending on the site of amyloid deposition, it may show various clinical symptoms of multiple system involvement.

Patient concerns: A 44-years-old female with spontaneous giant retroperitoneal hematoma was admitted to the emergency department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Mar 2023.

Diagnoses: She was found with a extremely X-factor deficiency and diagnosed with AL amyloidosis according to pathological findings finally.

Interventions and outcomes: She received a variety of treatments to improve her coagulation function and underwent chemotherapy for AL in the hematology department which improved her coagulation function and was discharged to her local hospital for follow-up treatment.

Conclusion: This case provides a new reference for emergency doctors in the diagnosis and treatment of acute severe hemorrhagic diseases.