Purpose: To linguistically and cross-culturally translate Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score into Urdu language (HOOS-U), and test its psychometric properties among patients with hip pain.
Materials and methods: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of English version of HOOS were carried out following international guidelines. Psychometric testing included reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), validity (content and construct validity) and responsiveness. Baseline assessments included self-structured questionnaire, HOOS-U, SF-36, VAS-pain, and VAS-disability. After three weeks of advised physiotherapy intervention, patients fulfilled the aforementioned questionnaires along with Global Rating of Change (GROC) scale.
Results: HOOS-U exhibited satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.86 to 0.96) and excellent test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.97 to 0.99). No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Discriminant validity was confirmed by significant differences in HOOS-U scores between patients and controls (p-value <0.001). For convergent validity, HOOS-U subscales showed strong Pearson Correlation Coefficient with PF and BP subscale of SF-36, specifically the ADL subscale of HOOS-U (PF = 0.82 and BP = 0.74). HOOS-U also demonstrated strong correlations with VAS pain (-0.70 to -0.83) and VAS disability (-0.69 to 0.82). For responsiveness, all subscales improved significantly after treatment (p-value < 0.001).
Conclusion: HOOS-U demonstrated good psychometric properties, making it a suitable tool for assessing outcomes in Urdu-speaking individuals.
Keywords: Cross-cultural adaptation; Urdu; disability; hip pain; psychometrics; translation.
The Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) was translated and culturally adapted into Urdu language to make it feasible for the majority Urdu-speaking population.HOOS-U demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in terms of validity, reliability and responsiveness, making it an effective tool for assessing hip pain and disability.It will prove to be effective for use in clinical settings to provide a comprehensive picture of the patient’s hip pain and related level of functioning, leading to better management decisions.