A Retrospective Case Review of Firework-Related Ocular Injuries in Malaysia

Background: Fireworks are known to cause severe ocular injuries. This study was intended to examine the pattern and visual outcomes of firework-related severe eye injuries in Malaysia. Methods: A retrospective review of fireworks-related eye injuries was conducted in Malaysia from 1^st July 2022 to 30^th June 2023. The data were collected from the ophthalmologists who treated and managed those cases. An open invitation was sent to the members of an ophthalmological society requesting case reports of severe ocular injuries requiring admission for further management.

Results: A total of 24 eyes were severely injured due to fireworks. Injuries were mostly among males, accounting for up to 66.67% (n=16), and children under 12 years old (33.33% (n=8)). Among the patients who were admitted due to severe fireworks ocular injuries, 58.33% (n=14) of them had open globe injuries followed by closed globe injuries (41.67% (n=10)), and eyelid injuries (41.67% (n=10)). Following firework eye injuries, at least 41.67% (n=10) of the eyes were blinded.

Conclusion: This study revealed severe eye injuries due to fireworks, ending in blindness in over one-third of the cases, and children were particularly vulnerable. Sight loss due to fireworks can be prevented through strong government policy, public awareness, and timely management.