Clinical characteristics and risk factors analysis of bilateral renal tuberculosis

Objective: To analyze and discuss the clinical characteristics and risk factors of bilateral renal tuberculosis.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 446 patients who were diagnosed with renal TB. Among these patients, 69 patients with bilateral renal TB were selected as the observation group, and 377 patients with unilateral renal TB served as the control group. Logistic regression was used to analyze the age, sex, BMI, place of residence, comorbidities, time from onset to clinic visit, and treatment history to identify the risk factors for the occurrence of bilateral renal TB.

Results: The univariate analysis showed that BMI (P = 0.003), place of residence (P = 0.048), combined with urinary calculi (P = 0.010), history of endoscopy (P < 0.001), and history of ureteral stenting (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the incidence of bilateral renal TB. The multivariate analysis revealed BMI < 18.5 kg/m² (OR = 2.282, 95% CI 1.197-5.154, P = 0.015), rural residence (OR = 2.353, 95% CI 1.115-4.966, P = 0.025), combined with urinary calculi (OR = 2.152, 95% CI 1.177-3.933, P = 0.013), and history of endoscopy (OR = 3.973, 95% CI 1.369-11.535, P = 0.011) were identified as independent risk factors for the occurrence of bilateral renal TB.

Conclusion: Such factors as rural residence, low BMI, urinary calculi, and previous history of endoscopic examination were identified as the main risk factors for the occurrence of bilateral renal TB.