Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥18 Years With Disabilities, 2021-2022

Barbara H Bardenheier; John D Omura; Jinan B Saaddine; Israel Hora; Kai McKeever Bullard

doi:10.2337/dci24-0086

Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥18 Years With Disabilities, 2021-2022

Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan 2:dci240086. doi: 10.2337/dci24-0086. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Barbara H Bardenheier¹, John D Omura¹, Jinan B Saaddine¹, Israel Hora¹, Kai McKeever Bullard¹

Affiliation

¹ Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.

PMID: 39746143
DOI: 10.2337/dci24-0086

Abstract

Objective: To compare the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among U.S. adults with and without disabilities, overall and by subgroups.

Research design and methods: We used data on adults aged ≥18 years from the cross-sectional 2021-2022 National Health Interview Survey to report the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes by functional disability status and for each disability type (hearing, seeing, mobility, cognition, self-care, and communication) separately. With use of the Washington Group Short Set on Functioning indicator, disability was defined according to the categories of milder (reporting some difficulty), moderate (reporting a lot of difficulty), and severe (cannot do at all) by disability type. Crude prevalence and age-standardized prevalence of diabetes were also calculated for adults with any difficulty with any disability by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, insurance, and poverty-to-income ratio.

Results: Diabetes prevalence increased with number of disability types, was lower among adults with no disability (5.8%) than among those with milder (9.5%) or moderate to more severe (18.3%) disability, and was 4.0-10.3 percentage points higher among those with moderate to more severe disability than among those with milder disability for vision, hearing, mobility, and cognitive disabilities. Diabetes prevalence was similar for adults with milder and moderate to more severe self-care and communication disabilities.

Conclusions: Prevalence of diabetes was higher among adults with any functional disability than without and increased with increasing number of disability types. Adults with multiple disability types, or those who have difficulty with self-care or communication or other moderate to more severe disabilities, may benefit from diabetes prevention programs.