Insomnia in older adults: A review of treatment options

Cleve Clin J Med. 2025 Jan 2;92(1):43-50. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.92a.24073.

Abstract

Insomnia is a common and challenging complaint in older adults (> 65 years) because of age-related alterations in sleep physiology. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is the gold standard for treatment of insomnia in young as well as older patients. Both clinicians and patients often prefer the simplicity of medication, but risks associated with some hypnotics increase with age. Pharmacologic options for older adults include low-dose doxepin, melatonin, ramelteon, and the dual orexin receptor antagonists. A well-informed clinician can help patients navigate the risks and benefits of both pharmacologic and behavioral options.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy* / methods
  • Doxepin / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives* / adverse effects
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives* / therapeutic use
  • Indenes / therapeutic use
  • Melatonin / therapeutic use
  • Orexin Receptor Antagonists / adverse effects
  • Orexin Receptor Antagonists / therapeutic use
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* / etiology
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* / therapy

Substances

  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Melatonin
  • Indenes
  • ramelteon
  • Orexin Receptor Antagonists
  • Doxepin