This paper reviews the clinical progress achieved in 2024 in the field of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both nationally and internationally. In the area of targeted therapy, particularly for rare mutations, new targets beyond EGFR, ALK, and ROS1 mutations, such as KRAS G12C, HER2, and MET, have gained more clinical validation and approval for targeted drugs in 2024. KRAS G12C inhibitors have also shown significant improvements in disease control rates for patients. Novel dual-target inhibitors are increasingly attracting increasing attention, as these drugs target both primary driver mutations and secondary mutations associated with resistance, thus overcoming the resistance problemsoften seen with traditional targeted therapies. This approach has demonstrated the potential to extend progression-free survival (PFS) in clinical settings. Immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors will remain an important treatment option for advanced lung cancer in 2024. While single-agent immunotherapy has limited efficacy in some patients, new combination therapies have shown promising potential, particularly the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy, anti-angiogenesis drugs, and targeted therapies, which has been shown to significantly improve efficacy. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting HER2 mutations have also been approved. The development of anti-cancer drugs continues to evolve, with new combinations and strategies being actively explored.
本文针对2024年国内外晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）取得的临床进展进行回顾。在靶向治疗领域，特别是针对罕见突变的研究，继EGFR、ALK、ROS1等突变后的新靶点，KRAS G12C、HER2和MET等突变的靶向药物在2024年获得了更多临床验证和批准。KRAS G12C抑制剂对患者疾病控制率也有显著改善。新型双靶点抑制剂逐渐得到广泛关注，这些药物不仅针对主要驱动突变，同时还能作用于与耐药性相关的次级突变，避免传统靶向药物治疗中的耐药性问题，这一策略在临床中显示出延长无进展生存期（PFS）。免疫治疗PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂，在2024年继续成为晚期肺癌的重要治疗手段。单一的免疫治疗对某些患者反应有限，新的联合疗法和组合疗法显示一定的潜力，尤其是免疫检查点抑制剂与化疗、抗血管生成药物以及靶向治疗的联合方案被证明可显著提高疗效。针对HER2突变的抗体偶联药物（ADC）也得到应用批准。当前抗肿瘤药物的研发在不断更新，新的组合策略也正在探索。.