Endocan expression and correlation with other endothelial determinants in developing a score for early identification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 5;15(1):850. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-68790-0.

Abstract

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that has dire outcomes, affecting the economic profile of a country. Despite the multifactorial background of the pathogenesis of this disease, the mechanism underlying peripheral neuropathy is still unclear. Endothelial damage is a new determinant of pathogenesis, with endocan as a potential biomarker for endothelial dysfunction in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients. In this cross-sectional study, with 49 patients with diabetes with peripheral neuropathy and 48 patients with diabetes without neuropathy, endothelial biomarkers such as endocan, hs-CRP, vitamin D, and lipid profiles were measured and analyzed in both groups. The standardized scores for dyslipidemia, inflammation, vitamin D and endocan were calculated. All of these biomarkers were significantly altered in peripheral neuropathy patients. A strong correlation between endocan levels and lipid profiles and between hs-CRP and vitamin D levels was detected. The inflammatory score and a combined score including all the above biomarkers might help in the early stratification of diabetic patients who are at greater risk of developing peripheral neuropathy.

Keywords: Blood-nerve barrier; Cytokines; DIVE score; Dyslipidemia; Endothelial; Inflammation.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers* / blood
  • C-Reactive Protein / analysis
  • C-Reactive Protein / metabolism
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diabetic Neuropathies* / blood
  • Diabetic Neuropathies* / diagnosis
  • Diabetic Neuropathies* / etiology
  • Diabetic Neuropathies* / metabolism
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Proteins* / blood
  • Proteoglycans* / blood
  • Vitamin D / blood

Substances

  • ESM1 protein, human
  • Biomarkers
  • Proteoglycans
  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • C-Reactive Protein
  • Vitamin D