Plasma-Liquid-Induced Synthesis of Scandium-Metalloporphyrin Frameworks for Boosted Sensing and Photosensitization

Inserting metal ions into the porphyrin ring is one of the primary strategies to enhance the properties of porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). However, the straightforward, rapid, and energy-efficient synthesis of porphyrin-based MOFs with high metallization for the porphyrin ring remains challenging. Herein, a solution anode glow discharge (SAGD) microplasma is presented for the one-step synthesis of scandium-metalloporphyrin frameworks (ScMPFs). The substantial number of electrons provided by the plasma-liquid interface not only accelerated the rapid nucleation and growth of MOFs but also promoted the incorporation of scandium (Sc³⁺), which has a small ionic radius and strong coordination ability, into the N atoms in the porphyrin ring, and enhanced the metallization of MOFs. The sufficient Sc³⁺ in frameworks inhibited the recombination of electron-hole pairs, resulting in boosted reactive oxygen species yield and a low fluorescence background of MOFs. Consequently, the ScMPFs are employed for the sensitive and rapid detection of F^- in water with a detection limit of 0.24 µm and for efficient bacteriostasis at low doses (10 µg mL^-1, 12 mW cm^-2 light irradiation for 10 min).