Osteochondritis Dissecans in the Medial Femoral Condyle: A Case Report and Review of the Role of Autogenous Mosaicplasty in Articular Cartilage Repair

Osteochondritis dissecans is a rare condition characterized by the deterioration of a small area of bone and cartilage without infection. Its exact cause is unclear, though factors such as abnormal bone development, joint pressure, repetitive injuries, inadequate blood supply, and genetic links have been observed. In this case, a 27-year-old woman experienced chronic right knee pain following a twisting injury, which led to reduced mobility and mild pain. Examination showed no swelling or tenderness, although X-rays and further imaging revealed irregularities in the medial femoral condyle, a 1.5 cm osteochondral defect, a loose fragment, and mild degenerative changes in the meniscus and partial ligament injuries. Post-surgical management included early gentle movements and a transition to running four months post-operatively. Follow-ups at 10 days and six weeks showed a full range of motion with no pain or complications. Successful graft integration and healing were confirmed without significant osteoarthritic changes, indicating effective joint preservation. This case illustrates the potential of autograft mosaicplasty in treating osteochondritis dissecans, underlining the importance of individualized treatment approaches to address articular cartilage injuries effectively. Long-term results and the factors contributing to the disorder remain areas for further research.